The Ten Commandments, which are found in the Old Testament book of Deuteronomy and elsewhere throughout the Bible, are a part of the covenant God made with the Israelites at Horeb. (Deuteronomy 5:2) They are referred to as the Moral Law (they are a part of the Law of Moses).

In considering whether, or not, Christians are obligated to follow all of the Ten Commandments, it's important to understand that Christianity is not a continuation of Judaism. The Christian Church (the body of Christ) is built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus Himself as the chief cornerstone. (Ephesians 2:20) In fact, when Jesus asked His disciples, "Who do people say the Son of Man is?" the apostle Peter replied, "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God." To this Jesus said, "Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by man, but by my Father in heaven.  And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it..." (Matthew 16:17-18)

Jesus' church (Christianity) is not a continuation of Judaism, however, the two are closely related.  In fact, in the early Christian Church, many had a hard time separating Judaism and Christianity, and because of what they were teaching (that one had to be circumcised and obey the Law of Moses in order to be saved), they became known as Judaizers.

The Bible tells us that in the early Christian Church some Christian men had gone down to Antioch, from Judea, and were teaching the Christians there that unless one is circumcised according to the custom taught by Moses, they could not be saved. (Acts 15:1) This brought the apostle Paul and Barnabas into sharp dispute and debate with them. In response, the apostle Paul, Barnabas, and several other Christians, were appointed by the church in Antioch to go to the church in Jerusalem to see the apostles and elders about this question (Acts 15:2-4); this was to become known as the Council at Jerusalem. Right from the beginning of the Council, some of the Christians who belonged to the party of the Pharisees (a religious party of the Jews at that time) stood up and said, "The Gentiles (non-Jewish persons) must be circumcised and required to obey the Law of Moses." (Acts 15:5) After everyone had a chance to say what they wanted to say, the Council's decision was to send a letter to the church in Antioch letting them know that it seemed good to the Holy Spirit, and to them, not to burden the Christians in Antioch with anything beyond the following requirements: that they were to abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from the meat of strangled animals and from sexual immorality. (Acts 15:6-29) This being so, then how does the Moral Law (the Ten Commandments) fit into the scheme of things under the New Covenant that God has made with the Christian Church? Are we, as Christians, free to disobey the Ten Commandments?

Although Christians are not under the Law of Moses (Colossians 2:13-14; Hebrews 10:9), we, as God's children, are not free to commit adultery or murder etc. as prohibited in the Ten Commandments. All of the Ten Commandments are biblical principles found in the New Testament of the Bible as part of the New Covenant God has made with the Christian Church (the only exception is the seventh day Sabbath). It has been the custom of Christians to observe the Lord's Day on the first day of the week in remembrance of the Lord Christ Jesus' resurrection from the grave on the first day of the week. Two examples of early Christian churches doing this (which are mentioned in the Bible) are the church in Troas (Acts 20:7) and the church in Corinth (1 Corinthians 16:2).